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« Dual-Atom Nanozyme Eye Drops for Dry Eye Disease Innovative treatment approach targeting eye hydration and inflammation Emma SADELLI 1 UNDERSTANDING DRY EYE DISEASE 2 What is Dry Eye Disease (DED)? Definition of DED DED is a chronic condition causing dryness, irritation, and visual problems worldwide. Causes of DED DED worsens with screen time, aging, and environmental influences like wind and pollution. Tear Film Instability Tear film imbalance increases evaporation and reduces tear production, damaging the eye surface. Inflammation Cycle Inflammation from tear imbalance causes ongoing eye surface damage and symptom worsening. 3 Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) ROS Cellular Damage ROS are unstable molecules that damage DNA, proteins, and lipids in cells. Inflammatory Pathway Activation ROS activate NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome leading to inflammation. Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Release Activated pathways release cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 causing inflammation. Therapeutic Targeting of ROS Targeting ROS helps reduce inflammation and protect ocular tissues in DED. 4 NANOZYME-BASED TREATMENT 5 What are DAN Eye Drops? Composition of DAN Eye Drops DAN drops contain iron and manganese atoms in a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix. Enzyme-Like Activity Nanozymes mimic natural antioxidant enzymes to scavenge reactive oxygen species effectively. Reduction of Oxidative Stress DAN eye drops neutralize ROS and inhibit inflammatory pathways to reduce oxidative stress. Therapeutic Benefits These drops restore tear film stability, promote healing, and improve ocular health. 6 How to Use DAN Eye Drops Dosage and Frequency Apply one drop to the affected eye twice daily, morning and evening, for optimal results. Treatment Duration Continue treatment for at least seven days or as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Safety and Sterility Avoid touching dropper tip to surfaces to maintain sterility and prevent contamination. Consult Healthcare Provider Consult your doctor if symptoms persist or worsen to ensure proper care. 7 EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS 8 Laboratory and Animal Study Results Reduction of ROS Levels DAN eye drops significantly reduced reactive oxygen species in corneal epithelial cells. Increased Antioxidant Enzyme Activity DAN increased activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GPX in vitro. Improved Ocular Health in Animals Animal studies showed improved tear secretion, reduced corneal opacity, and restored goblet cell density. Superior Therapeutic Outcomes DAN demonstrated better treatment results than cyclosporine A with minimal side effects. 9 Potential Side Effects Common Side Effects Temporary eye irritation, mild discomfort, and blurred vision may.... »