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« NanozymeBased Eye Drops: An Innovative Solution for Dry Eye Disease Cutting-edge treatment improving eye hydration and comfort Introduction to Dry Eye Disease Dry Eye Overview Dry eye disease is a common condition caused by insufficient tear production or increased tear evaporation. Pathophysiology The disease results from tear film instability and inflammation leading to ocular surface damage and discomfort. Overview and Pathophysiology Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease Common symptoms include dryness, burning sensations, blurred vision, and ocular discomfort from prolonged screen exposure. Pathophysiology Mechanisms Tear film instability causes hyperosmolarity, leading to oxidative stress and chronic ocular surface inflammation. Limitations of Traditional Treatments Artificial tears and corticosteroids offer temporary relief but have side effects and poor tolerance in many patients. Nanozymes – Mechanism and Innovation Dual-Atom Structure Dual-atom nanozymes consist of two adjacent metal atoms acting as active catalytic sites, enhancing enzymatic activity. Catalytic Mechanism Dual-atom nanozymes mimic natural enzymes by catalyzing specific reactions with high efficiency and selectivity. Innovative Applications These nanozymes offer promising applications in biomedicine, environmental sensing, and industrial catalysis due to their unique properties. Dual-Atom Nanozyme (DAN) Functionality Nanozyme Design Dual-Atom Nanozyme consists of iron and manganese atoms on nitrogen-doped carbon, mimicking natural enzyme activity. Oxidative Stress Neutralization DAN effectively neutralizes reactive oxygen species, reducing oxidative stress linked to dry eye disease. Inflammation Suppression DAN inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and lowers proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 to reduce inflammation. Therapeutic Benefits DAN promotes corneal healing, restores mucus-secreting goblet cells, and enhances tear production. Experimental Results In Vitro Findings Laboratory tests conducted outside living organisms provide controlled, reproducible data. In Vivo Findings Experiments performed in living organisms offer insights into complex biological responses. In Vitro and In Vivo Findings In Vitro Efficacy DAN reduces.... »